Valve Safety Subsurface Na-achịkwa (SCSSV)

Ahịrị njikwa

Ahịrị hydraulic dị obere dayameta eji arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ mmecha ala dị ka valvụ nchekwa subsurface na-achịkwa elu (SCSSV).Ọtụtụ sistemụ ejiri ahịrị njikwa arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere enweghị nchekwa.Na ọnọdụ a, akara njikwa na-anọgide na-enwe nrụgide mgbe niile.Ntupu ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọdịda ọ bụla na-ebute nkwụsị nke nrụgide akara njikwa, na-eme ihe iji mechie valvụ nchekwa ma mee ka olulu mmiri dị mma.

Valve Safety Subsurface Na-achịkwa (SCSSV)

valvụ nchekwa na-agbada ala nke a na-arụ site na ụlọ ọrụ dị n'elu site na akara akara nke jikọtara na mpụga mpụga nke tubing mmepụta.Ụdị abụọ bụ isi nke SCSSV bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị: wireline retrievable, nke a ga-esi na-agba ọsọ ma weghachite ihe ndị bụ isi nchekwa-valve na slickline, na tubing retrievable, bụ nke ejiri eriri tubing rụọ ọrụ nchekwa-valve dum.Usoro nchịkwa na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ adịghị mma, na-eji njikwa hydraulic na-ejigide oghere bọl ma ọ bụ mgbakọ flapper nke ga-emechi ma ọ bụrụ na nrụgide njikwa ahụ efunahụ.

Valve Safety Downhole (Dsv)

Ngwa mgbada nke na-ekewa nrụgide olulu mmiri na mmiri mmiri n'ọnọdụ ihe mberede ma ọ bụ mbibi dị egwu nke akụrụngwa elu.A na-edobe usoro njikwa nke jikọtara ya na valvụ nchekwa na ọnọdụ adịghị mma, nke na nkwụsị ọ bụla ma ọ bụ mmebi nke usoro ahụ ga-eme ka valvụ nchekwa mechie iji mee ka ọ dị mma.A na-etinye valvụ nchekwa ala n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ olulu mmiri niile ma na-edobekarị ihe ndị omebe iwu mpaghara ma ọ bụ mpaghara chọrọ.

eriri mmepụta

Ọkpụkpụ bụ isi nke a na-esi na ya na-emepụta mmiri mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu.A na-ejikọta eriri mmepụta ahụ na tubing na ihe mmecha na nhazi nke dabara na ọnọdụ olulu mmiri na usoro mmepụta ihe.Ọrụ dị mkpa nke eriri mmepụta bụ ichekwa tubulars nke ọma, gụnyere casing na liner, site na corrosion ma ọ bụ mbuze site na mmiri mmiri mmiri.

Valve Safety Subsurface (Sssv)

Ngwaọrụ nchekwa etinyere n'ime olulu mmiri dị elu iji nye mmechi mberede nke ndị na-emepụta ihe n'oge ihe mberede.Ụdị valvụ nchekwa dị n'okpuru ala abụọ dị: njikwa elu na njikwa ala.N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a na-emepụta usoro nchekwa-valve ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịghị mma, nke mere na olulu mmiri dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ọ bụla mebiri ma ọ bụ mebie ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Nrụgide:Ike ekesara n'elu elu, a na-atụkarị ya na pound ike kwa square inch, ma ọ bụ lbf/in2, ma ọ bụ psi, na nkeji mmanụ mmanụ US.Ngalaba metrik maka ike bụ pascal (Pa), yana ọdịiche ya: megapascal (MPa) na kilopascal (kPa).

Igwe mmepụta ihe

A na-eji tubular olulu mmiri na-emepụta mmiri mmiri.A na-ejikọta tubing mmepụta na ihe mmecha ndị ọzọ iji mejupụta eriri mmepụta.Ọkụ mmepụta ahọpụtara maka mmecha ọ bụla kwesịrị ikwekọ na geometry nke ọma, njirimara mmepụta ihe na mmiri mmiri mmiri.

Casing

E wedara ọkpọkọ nwere dayameta buru ibu n'ime oghere ma tinye ciment n'ebe.Onye na-emepụta olulu mmiri ga-emepụta mkpuchi mkpuchi iji nagide ụdị ike dị iche iche, dị ka ndakpọ, mgbawa, na ọdịda nkwụsị, yana brines na-eme ihe ike.A na-eji eriri nwoke na-akpụkọ ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla, a na-ejikwa eriri ndị dị mkpụmkpụ ogologo na eriri nwanyị na-ejikọta ọnụ nke ihe nkedo n'otu n'otu, ma ọ bụ nkwonkwo nke casing nwere ike iji eriri nwoke na otu nsọtụ na eriri nwanyị n'elu. ọzọ.A na-agbagharị akpa akwa iji kpuchido nhazi mmiri dị ọhụrụ, kewapụ mpaghara nke nloghachi furu efu, ma ọ bụ kewapụ usoro nke nwere gradients nrụgide dị iche iche.A na-akpọkarị ọrụ a na-etinye casing n'ime olulu mmiri nke ọma "pipe na-agba ọsọ."A na-arụpụtakarị casing site na nchara carbon dị larịị nke a na-ekpo ọkụ na-agwọta ike dị iche iche mana enwere ike iji igwe anaghị agba nchara, aluminom, titanium, fiberglass na ihe ndị ọzọ mepụta ya.

Ihe ngwugwu mmepụta:Ngwa eji kewapụ annulus na arịlịka ma ọ bụ chekwaa ala nke eriri tubing mmepụta.A na-emepụta ụdị ihe ngwungwu ihe dị iche iche dabara na geometry nke ọma na njirimara mmepụta nke mmiri mmiri mmiri.

Ihe ngwugwu hydraulic:Ụdị ngwugwu a na-ejikarị na ngwa mmepụta.A na-edobe ngwugwu hydraulic site na iji nrụgide hydraulic etinyere site na eriri tubing kama ike arụ ọrụ etinyere site n'ịgbanwe eriri tubing.

Ihe ngwugwu Sealbore

Ụdị ngwugwu mmepụta ihe nke na-agụnye ihe mkpuchi nke na-anabata mgbakọ akara nke dabara na ala nke tubing mmepụta.A na-edobe ngwugwu sealbore na waya iji mee ka njikọ dị omimi dị mma.Maka ngwa nke a na-atụ anya mmegharị tubing buru ibu, dị ka ọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mgbasawanye ọkụ, ihe ngwugwu sealbore na mgbakọ akara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nkwụsịtụ.

Njikọ mkpuchi:Ogologo ọkpọkọ ígwè, n'ozuzu gburugburu 40-ft (13-m) ogologo nwere njikọ eri na njedebe ọ bụla.A na-agbakọta nkwonkwo mkpuchi iji mepụta eriri mkpuchi nke ogologo ogologo na nkọwapụta maka olulu mmiri nke etinyere ya.

Ọkwa casing

Usoro nke ịchọpụta na categorize ike nke casing ihe.Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ casing oilfield bụ ihe dị ka otu kemistri (nke a na-ahụkarị nchara) ma dị iche naanị na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ etinyere, usoro grading na-enye maka ike agbaziri agbaziri nke casing ka arụpụtara ma jiri ya na olulu mmiri.Akụkụ nke mbụ nke nomenclature, akwụkwọ ozi, na-ezo aka na ike tensile.Akụkụ nke abụọ nke aha ahụ, ọnụọgụ, na-ezo aka na ike mkpụrụ kacha nta nke igwe (mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị) na 1,000 psi [6895 KPa].Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkwa casing J-55 nwere opekempe ike mkpụrụ nke 55,000 psi [379,211 KPa].Ọkwa casing P-110 na-akọwapụta ọkpọkọ ike dị elu nwere ike mkpụrụ kacha nta nke 110,000 psi [758,422 KPa].Ọkwa casing kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ọ bụla na-adaberekarị na nrụgide na ihe corrosion chọrọ.Ebe ọ bụ na onye na-emepụta olulu mmiri na-eche banyere ọkpọkọ na-amịpụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche na-ebu ibu, ọkwa casing bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a na-eji na ọtụtụ mgbakọ.Ihe mkpuchi siri ike dị oke ọnụ, ya mere eriri mkpuchi nwere ike itinye akara ule abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa iji bulie ụgwọ ọrụ ka ọ na-ejigide ọrụ nrụpụta zuru oke n'ogologo eriri ahụ.Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịmara na, n'ozuzu, ka ike mkpụrụ dị elu, ka ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-esiwanye ike bụ sulfide stress cracking (H2S-induced cracking).Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na a na-atụ anya H2S, onye na-emepụta olulu mmiri nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike iji tubulars na ike dị elu dịka ọ masịrị ya.

Njiko: elu nke mgbaji, mgbawa ma ọ bụ nkewa n'ime nkume nke enweghị mmegharị ọ bụla yiri ụgbọ elu na-akọwa.Ojiji nke ụfọdụ ndị edemede nwere ike ịkọwapụta nke ọma: Mgbe mgbidi nke mgbaji na-agara onwe ya, a na-akpọ mgbaji ahụ nkwonkwo.

Njikọ Slip: Njikọ telescoping dị n'elu na arụ ọrụ na-ese n'elu mmiri nke na-enye ohere ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ebuli elu (mmegharị kwụ ọtọ) ka ọ na-ejigide ọkpọkọ ịrị elu n'elu oké osimiri.Ka arịa ahụ na-awụli elu, teliskop njikọ a na-amịpụta ma ọ bụ pụta site n'otu ego ahụ nke mere na mmegharị ụgbọ mmiri adịghị emetụta onye na-ebili n'okpuru nkwonkwo ahụ.

Wireline: metụtara akụkụ ọ bụla nke igbu osisi nke na-eji eriri eletrik wedata ngwaọrụ n'ime olulu mmiri yana ibufe data.Ịkụ osisi waya dị iche na nha-mgbe a na-egwupụta ihe (MWD) na igbu osisi apịtị.

Drilling Riser: Otu ọkpọkọ nwere dayameta nke na-ejikọ mkpokọta BOP dị n'okpuru osimiri na igwe na-ese n'elu mmiri iji were apịtị laghachi n'elu.Na-enweghị onye na-ebuli elu, apịtị ahụ ga-esi n'elu ihe ahụ wụpụ n'elu ala oké osimiri.Enwere ike were onye na-ebilite anya dị ka ndọtị nke olulu mmiri ahụ ruo nwa oge.

BOP

Otu nnukwu valvụ dị n'elu olulu mmiri nwere ike mechie ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe na-efunahụ nchịkwa nke mmiri mmepụta.Site na imechi valvụ a (nke a na-arụkarị ọrụ site na hydraulic actuators), ndị ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe na-enwetaghachi njikwa nke mmiri mmiri ahụ, a pụkwara ịmalite usoro iji mee ka njupụta apịtị dị elu ruo mgbe ọ ga-ekwe omume imeghe BOP ma nọgide na-achịkwa nrụgide nke nhazi ahụ.

BOP na-abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche, nha, na ọkwa nrụgide.

Ụfọdụ nwere ike mechie nke ọma n'elu olulu mmiri mepere emepe.

A haziri ụfọdụ iji mechie ihe ndị dị na tubular n'ime olulu mmiri (drillpipe, casing, ma ọ bụ tubing).

A na-etinyekwa ndị ọzọ nchara nchara siri ike nke nwere ike isi na ọkpọkọ mkpọpu.

N'ihi na BOP dị oke mkpa maka nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, rig, na olulu mmiri n'onwe ya, a na-enyocha BOP, na-anwale ma na-emezigharị ya n'oge oge niile site na nchikota nke nyocha ihe ize ndụ, omume mpaghara, ụdị ọma, na iwu chọrọ.Nnwale BOP dị iche site na nnwale ọrụ kwa ụbọchị na olulu mmiri dị oke mkpa ruo na nnwale kwa ọnwa ma ọ bụ obere oge na olulu mmiri chere na ọ nwere obere ohere nke nsogbu njikwa ọma.

Ike Tensile: Ike nke otu nkeji mpaghara mpaghara gafere chọrọ iji dọpụ ihe dị iche.

Mpụta: Olu nke otu akpa simenti kpọrọ nkụ na-enwe mgbe agwakọta ya na mmiri na ihe mgbakwunye iji mepụta njupụta nke njupụta achọrọ.A na-egosipụtakarị mkpụrụ n'ime nkeji US dị ka cubic ụkwụ kwa akpa (ft3/sk).

Sulfide nrụgide mgbawa

Ụdị ọdịda na-adịghị ahụkebe na mberede na ígwè na alloys ndị ọzọ dị ike mgbe ha na-akpakọrịta na mmiri mmiri hydrogen sulfide na gburugburu sulfide ndị ọzọ.Njikọ ngwá ọrụ, akụkụ ndị siri ike nke ihe mgbochi ịfụfụ na valvụ mkpụbelata na-adịkarị mfe.N'ihi nke a, yana ihe ize ndụ nsi nke hydrogen sulfide gas, ọ dị mkpa ka apịtị mmiri na-enweghị mmiri sulfide soluble na karịsịa hydrogen sulfide na obere pH.Sulfide stress cracking ka a na-akpọkwa hydrogen sulfide cracking, sulfide cracking, sulfide corrosion cracking na sulfide stress-corrosion cracking.Mgbanwe nke aha ahụ bụ n'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta na usoro nke ọdịda.Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ewere na sulfide-stress cracking dị ka ụdị nrụgide-corrosion cracking, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị nke hydrogen ebrittlement.

Hydrogen sulfide

[H2S] gas na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu nwere usoro ihe omimi nke H2S.N'ebe dị ntakịrị, H2S nwere isi nke àkwá rere ure, ma na elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egbu egbu, ọ naghị esi ísì.H2S dị ize ndụ nye ndị ọrụ na sekọnd ole na ole nke mkpughe na obere mkpokọta dị ntakịrị nwere ike ịnwụ, mana ikpughe na ntinye uche dị ala nwekwara ike imerụ ahụ.Mmetụta nke H2S dabere na ogologo oge, ugboro na ike nke ikpughe yana ike nke onye ahụ.Hydrogen sulfide bụ ihe egwu dị egwu na nke nwere ike igbu mmadụ, yabụ mmata, nchọpụta na nlekota H2S dị mkpa.Ebe ọ bụ na gas hydrogen sulfide dị n'ụdị ụfọdụ dị n'okpuru ala, a ghaghị ịdị njikere ịkụ ala na ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ iji ngwá ọrụ nchọpụta, ngwá ọrụ nchebe onwe onye, ​​ọzụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro nkwụsịtụ na mpaghara H2S.A na-emepụta hydrogen sulfide n'oge mmebi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ma na-eme na hydrocarbons na mpaghara ụfọdụ.Ọ na-abanye apịtị na-egwupụta ihe site na nhazi nke dị n'okpuru ala ma nwee ike ịmepụta ya site na nje bacteria na-ebelata sulfate na apịtị echekwara.H2S nwere ike ime ka mgbawa sulfide-nrụgide-corrosion nke ọla.N'ihi na ọ na-emebi emebi, mmepụta H2S nwere ike ịchọ akụrụngwa mmepụta pụrụ iche dị oke ọnụ dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara.Enwere ike ịwụsa sulfide n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla site na apịtị mmiri ma ọ bụ apịtị mmanụ site na ọgwụgwọ ya na ihe mkpofu sulfide kwesịrị ekwesị.H2S bụ acid na-adịghị ike, na-enye ion hydrogen abụọ na mmeghachi omume neutralization, na-akpụ ions HS- na S-2.N'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ apịtị mmiri, ụdị sulfide atọ, H2S na HS- na S-2 ion, nọ na nha nha na mmiri na H+ na OH-ion.Nkesa pasent n'etiti ụdị sulfide atọ dabere na pH.H2S na-achị na pH dị ala, HS-ion na-achịkwa n'etiti pH na S2 ion na-achịkwa na pH dị elu.N'ọnọdụ nha nha a, ion sulfide na-alaghachi na H2S ma ọ bụrụ na pH dara.Enwere ike iji ụgbọ okporo ígwè Garrett Gas tụọ sulfide dị na apịtị mmiri na mmanụ mmanụ dị ka usoro API setịpụrụ.

eriri casing

Ogologo ọkpọkọ nchara ahaziri ka ọ dabara otu olulu mmiri.A na-ejikọta akụkụ nke ọkpọkọ ma gbadaa n'ime olulu mmiri, wee tinye ya na ciment.Njikọ ọkpọkọ na-adịkarị ihe dịka mita 12 n'ogologo, erie nwoke na nsọtụ nke ọ bụla ma jikọta ya na obere ogologo ọkpọkọ eriri abụọ nke nwanyị a na-akpọ couplings.Ụdọ mkpuchi ogologo nwere ike ịchọ ihe ike dị elu na akụkụ elu nke eriri ahụ iji kwado ibu eriri ahụ.Enwere ike ikpokọta akụkụ ndị dị ala nke eriri ahụ yana mkpuchi nke ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi ka ukwuu iji nagide oke nrụgide nwere ike ịdị omimi.A na-agbaba ihe mkpuchi iji chekwaa ma ọ bụ kewapụ ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ olulu mmiri.